This is really a pretty straightforward question with a fairly simple answer. Private health care covers just about everything public healthcare covers only it costs you money from your pocket, rather than being subsidized by the government such as public health care. However, private healthcare typically covers just a bit more and certainly it covers much faster treatment. With public healthcare, there is no real way to know whether or not you will receive treatment in a timely manner as there is almost always a waiting list of people waiting to see specific doctors.
Some private healthcare covers policy holders while they are travelling overseas and some do not. This is something very important to look at before choosing cover if you are someone who travels abroad frequently. If you are a member of the European Union and have your ID card with you then you should not have to worry as far as your public healthcare goes but insofar as private healthcare, each company is different and will offer a different type of travelers cover, if any. The best way to know for sure what you private insurance policy will cover is to contact your agent and ask questions about issues such as travelling. In addition, you can check with each individual company to find out what sorts of things they cover that are perhaps not covered by public insurance.
One thing is for certain, people who become afflicted with things like breast cancer or other situations which would require rapid care are always best to go private as sometimes waiting for treatment will result in very negative consequences. To be clear, private healthcare insurance offers patients a much faster trip to the doctor and in the long run is very important as waiting when someone is ill is never a good idea. So when you are asking yourself about the types of things private insurance covers, remember to take into consideration the length of time it takes to be seen for illnesses when dealing only with public healthcare insurance. This in itself may be a good enough reason to use private healthcare.